Analysis and examination of Sistan's knowledge in the I Pahlavi period and the role of the Alam family in its development

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 .PhD Candidate, Department of History, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of History, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

3 Department of History, University of Isfahan. Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Given the significance of education and the dissemination of modern knowledge during the First Pahlavi period, and its profound impact on the governmental structure alongside the Pahlavi state’s efforts toward constructing a new national identity, a cultural movement and a turn toward modern education emerged during this era. In this context, notable and important measures were undertaken in various regions of the country. The implementation of such transformations in the remote region of Sistan was of particular importance, as these initiatives significantly affected the cultural conditions of the region. During the First Pahlavi period, limited and largely intermittent reforms were implemented in Sistan, most of which were accompanied by a cultural approach. The primary objective of these measures was to curtail, to a considerable extent, traditional and maktab-based forms of education through the establishment of modern schools in Sistan. In this regard, special attention must be paid to the role of the Majmaʿ-e Nashr-e Maʿāref (Society for the Dissemination of Knowledge) in the development of modern education in the region. The present study seeks to answer the following questions: How did modern knowledge develop in Sistan? What was the process of the emergence and expansion of modern schools in this region, and what reactions did it provoke? The main hypothesis posits that the development of modern schools encountered resistance from local traditional forces, and that although the Society for the Dissemination of Knowledge initially attached importance to education in Sistan, over time due to the lack of effective participation by its members its role and significance gradually diminished. Employing a historical methodology and a descriptive–analytical approach, and drawing on rare archival documents, primary sources, and available data, this research examines the cultural conditions of Sistan during the First Pahlavi period.

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