نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه تاریخ، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکتری تاریخ دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز ،ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The study of the thoughts and actions of Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari, one of the patriotic and constitutionalist women and a pioneer in tribal-based memoir writing during the Qajar era, is of significant importance. Bibi Maryam’s intellectual discourse in her memoir revolves around two main axes: first, exposing and opposing the despotism of the Qajar government and defending freedom; second, analyzing the backwardness of Iran and the Bakhtiari region and examining its causes and factors. Accordingly, her memoir repeatedly emphasizes the necessity of modernization and progress in Iran, praises freedom, and condemns Qajar despotism. Bibi Maryam not only critiqued, in a bold and assertive language, the ignorance, lawlessness, brutality, mismanagement of the state, and customs that had caused Iran’s dependence and misfortune, but she also actively resisted the main causes of this backwardness: the despotism and bloodshed of the Qajar monarchy and the colonial ambitions of Russia and Britain, the two major colonial powers of the time. During the event of the capture of Tehran, Bibi Maryam personally took up arms and fought against the Cossacks. In World War I, following the fatwas of scholars and the decisions of freedom-seekers to defend Iran, she joined the opposition against Russia and Britain. Therefore, this article seeks to extract, describe, and analyze Bibi Maryam’s intellectual perspective and her practical confrontation with the causes of Iran’s backwardness and traditionalism through historical research methods, relying on historical sources and library studies, with particular emphasis on the memoirs of Sardar Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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